What is a Digital Photo JPEG File?

What is a Digital Photo JPEG File?

By Ziv Haparnas

Digital photos are stored as files on memory cards and computer hard disks. They can be stored in different file formats (each format has a unique file extension). Digital photo files can be compressed to save storage space and can use a standard or a proprietary format.

[caption id="attachment_1090" align="aligncenter" width="507"] What is a Digital Photo JPEG File?[/caption]

Digital photos are saved as digital files on electronic media. These digital photo files are a collection of bytes. JPEG is a standard file format for storing such digital photos. The JPEG format supports compression and allows very efficient high quality storage of digital photos. When using the JPEG format any software from different vendors that adheres to the standard can create and process JPEG files.

JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group

The JPEG file format was designed by a special industry group for the purpose of storing and compressing high quality digital photos. Later on JPEG became an ISO standard and it is probably one of the most popular formats for storing digital photos today. JPEG files are also known simple as JPG files (named after their common file extension .JPG).

The design goal of the group was the efficient storage of digital photographic files while maintaining their original high quality (or quality which is as close as possible to the original one). JPEG files can support lossless compression but since lossless compression is inefficient when compressing digital photos it is hardly used. In most cases JPEG files use lossy compression to efficiently represent digital photos.

It is easy to understand the motivation for such efficient compression by using an example: Digital photos files are built of pixels each one has a value representing its color and intensity. Each pixel occupies 3 bytes (one for Red, one for Green and one for Blue - representing the color and intensity of the pixel). If you shoot a photo using an 8 mega pixels digital camera the photo will have 8000000 pixels each one occupying 3 bytes. The total file size would be 8000000*3=24000000 or 24Mbytes. This is a very big file. Big files are hard to manipulate they take a long time to send by email, they occupy large storage space and they take longer to load. If that same file was compressed into a JPEG digital photo file its size would reduce to about 3Mbytes - a much more manageable file size.

JPEG files are extremely efficient in compressing digital photos. They are using compression methods that were specifically designed for digital photos and take advantage of digital photos attributes that allow a more efficient representation of pixels. The JPEG format standardized the way a digital photo is represented and suggested ways to compress digital photos. Using this standard software from one vendor can compress and create a JPEG digital photo file while software from a different vendor can read and process it. There are many different compressors implementations that differ in the quality of the compressed photo. Also - the digital photo compressor can be set to different levels of compression. When using a very aggressive compression setting the digital photo file can be very small - the side effect however is degradation in quality - most noticeable is the appearance of large square areas with the same color and pattern.

JPEG files are the most commonly used ones by digital cameras to store compressed digital photos on memory cards and computer hard disks as they result in small file sizes and hardly any noticeable photo quality degradation. Most cameras also let the user set the level of compression applied to the digital photos - usually three level are provided: low, medium and high - where low results in minimal file size reduction but superior quality and high results in the smallest files but the highest degradation in quality - in most cases however that degradation is hardly noticeable by the amateur photographer.

Ziv Haparnas is a technology veteran and writes about practical technology and science issues. This article can be reprinted and used as long as the resource box including the backlink is included. You can find more information about photo album printing and photography in general on http://www.printrates.com - a site dedicated to photo printing.

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What is a Book Review Service?

What is a Book Review Service?

By Michelle Spoils

A book review service will help you get the word out about your book and hopefully make others want to read it. If you look at top novels, you will notice that there are usually quotes from reviews from publications from the New York Times or other papers. This often happens with noted authors that have books published in large publishing houses. But how does the new author who has perhaps self published or is published with a very small publishing house get noticed? Very often, they use a book review service.

[caption id="attachment_1042" align="aligncenter" width="500"] What is a Book Review Service?[/caption]

As you know, an increasing number of books are now sold online. This goes for movies and music as well. And most of the online websites that offer books also encourage book reviews. There are several places online where you can review books.

A book review service will read the book and then give an honest review of the book in various places online. These will be posted and may help you promote your book. While it is a nice idea to rely on those who read the book to actually post a review, people do not always do this. As a matter of fact, it is rare for the average person, even when prompted, to write a book review. Most of the book reviews that you see online are the result of a book review service.

A book review service will not just say that the book is good, but why. This is done in a way without giving away the ending of the book. The purpose of the book review service is to get others to want to buy the book. If you are trying to promote a book using the internet, the use of a book review service really makes sense. It may end up costing you a few dollars to promote your book in this manner, but it will work out for you in the end. A book review service is one of the best routes you can take if you are a new author trying to get others to read your book.

Using a book review service is similar to any other type of marketing. The marketing technique of the bandwagon effect is in force when it comes to book reviews. This is the concept that others will want something if they know that other people like it. It is a very old and very effective form of marketing and is used in all forms of advertising. Using a book review service is a way that you can market your book to the general public without it seeming like an ad.

Michelle Spoils is a consultant and author. Find out more by visiting http://www.ReaderSpoils.com

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What is a Book Reviewer?

What is a Book Reviewer?

By Michelle Spoils

A book reviewer is not always a professional person who reads books for a living and then reviews them in articles. Today, anyone can review books both online or at your local bookstore or library. Most book stores and libraries are looking for individuals to help them sell certain books. In such cases, you would not be paid for the book review but might, in the case of the book store, be presented with a copy of the book for free.

[caption id="attachment_1039" align="aligncenter" width="500"] What is a Book Reviewer?[/caption]

The job of a book reviewer is to read the book and then comment on it. Comments should be as specific as possible without giving away the ending of the book or too much information. Positive comments should make the reader want to pick up the book and buy it. In most cases, negative book reviews will not be used in bookstores that are trying to sell books.

In addition to being a reader for a library or bookstore, you can also be an online book reviewer. Such individuals also do not get paid. They simply read books and then give a review of what they read in a brief review online. Unfortunately, there is no pay for doing this, although if you continue to review books long enough, you might be considered to be a good book reviewer and develop a following.

Anyone reviewing many books has a following of those who admire his or her opinions when it comes to books that are being read by the reviewer. The more noted the reviewer becomes, the more followed his or her opinions will be and the more authors will try to get this individual to read his or her book.

There are also book reviewers who go over unpublished works for publishing houses. They usually will recommend that a book be published to one of the publishers. They are also called readers. In order to get a job like this, you usually have a degree in writing or literature as this is often a stepping stone for some writers to take.

If you like to read, you may enjoy reviewing books. The more you build up a reputation, the more people will look forward to your book reviews. One way to do this is to review books that you have read on various websites and get your name out there to the general public. You can become a noted book reviewer, thanks to the internet, even if you are not getting paid to do this service.

Michelle Spoils is a consultant and author. Find out more by visiting http://www.ReaderSpoils.com

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What is the Best Video Editing Software?

What is the Best Video Editing Software?

By Chamberlane P Altatis

It's already common for video editors to ask if what is the best video editing software. I've been asking the same question also before but I already stopped doing so when I already found the best one for me.

[caption id="attachment_1014" align="aligncenter" width="500"] What is the Best Video Editing Software?[/caption]

If you ask professional video editors if what is the best video editing software, chances are they have different answers. This is because each one has his or her own preferences. This means that this question has no definite answer. It really depends upon your opinion.

Rather than telling you directly if what is the best video editing software, let me just help you choose the one that works for you by giving you the following different situations.

1. Are you a professional video editor?

If you are a professional video editor then I really recommend having a professional software as well. When we say professional software, it must have the capability of doing the task that a professional video editing can accomplish. To mention a few, it must be able to import different kinds of video formats (specially the latest ones). It must also have the effects that you wanted to achieve. There are really many features of a professional video editing software and I'm sure you know them. If you think a software can have almost everything that you need, then that might be the right one for you.

2. Are you a home video editor?

If you are still a home video editor, then you don't have to acquire a luxurious software for now. This is because you might not need yet those features that an expensive one has anyway. You can just choose a simpler program that you can use so long as it has the basic features that you need.

3. Are you an online video editor?

There might be situations where in you just wanted to edit your videos online. If this is the case, you don't have to grab a program really. You can just go to any online editing sites out there and edit your videos through their tools.

In knowing what is the best video editing software, you check your self if where are you in the situations I mentioned above. My advice is that, you really don't have to spend so much time in knowing what is the best video editing software. Just check out on anything and learn how to use it. Once you mastered one, then that's already the best for you. At the end of the day, viewers don't really care if what software you used to edit your video. They just care about the video you made.

Chamberlane Altatis

Choose your software for video editing

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What is a Babymoon?

What is a Babymoon?

By Aloysius Aucoin

A babymoon may be something you have never heard of previously. There is no doubt that this type of experience can be a fantastic one, though. In short, this is a pre-birth getaway that is perfect for those couples who are planning for the big changes coming into their life in the next few months. No matter if this is your first child or your tenth, it may be nice to get away for a few days before the child arrives and your life gets taken over by diapers and midnight feedings.

What to Expect

One of the best things to expect from a babymoon is the time you get to spend with your significant other. This is a break. It is an opportunity to simply walk away for a few days from the hectic lifestyle you are living and reconnect with your loved one. This is an exciting time in your life. Even if you are uncomfortable and feel as though it is too challenging to do anything, this type of experience is a fantastic one for both of you. It can ease tension and improve relationships all within a few days.

Why Do It?

Each organization that offers this type of getaway for expectant mothers will offer something different. However, you generally get to relax in luxurious accommodations during your stay. You may get to enjoy a romantic dinner in a beautiful setting. You get to spend some time talking about what your expectations are for the next few weeks and months. It is also a good time for you and your significant other to talk about things like parenting time and responsibilities.

Some of these offerings do provide an educational element. For example, you may learn how to give your newborn a calming massage to relax them to sleep. You may learn about proper care. You may even learn how to get yourself comfortable if you are dealing with aches and pains from your pregnancy. This is an opportunity to learn about your body and that of your child. In some cases, you will be able to reduce stress levels and really connect with what this new experience is going to offer to you and your life. It can be incredibly meaningful if you allow it to be that.

Find out if a babymoon is something that is right for you. Select a location that allows you to get a clean break from your day-to-day life. Even if you can only get away for a couple of days, it may be worthwhile to do so. You will feel great about it once you make this happen. You will be better prepared for your child's arrival too.

When considering a babymoon CA women want a place that offers a restful, relaxing atmosphere so that they can rejuvenate before this big change in their lives. Visit the following for a serene environment in a beautiful location: http://www.mellowmommy.com.

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What is a Production Assistant?

What is a Production Assistant?

By Jeff E Owen

A production assistant is the first job to get in the film industry. Production Assistants, or 'PA's, carry out anything nobody else wants to do. It is really an basic level job, this means that - You're in the proverbial mailroom, digging ditches, washing dishes, creating copies, and entering data. And so do not kid yourself, you are at the bottom, baby! Even so the beauty of the bottom is always that there's just one way to go from there: up!

[caption id="attachment_877" align="aligncenter" width="460"] What is a Production Assistant?[/caption]

Production assistants are broken into two different types: "office PAs" or "set PAs". Additional variations can be found depending on a show's arrangement or region but those are the main forms. Here is a great write-up on the difference between an office PA and a set PA.

Office PAs usually put in almost all hours within the show's production office dealing with such jobs as phones, deliveries, script copies, lunch pick-ups, along with related tasks in sychronisation with the production manager and also production coordinator. This is generally the route to take if you strive for becoming a coordinator. Additionally, they interact with departments which spend more time around the office, like art, or writers.

Set PAs work on the actual set of the production, be it on location or on a sound stage. They are accountable to the assistant director department (in the US) or the location manager (in Canada), and key set PA if one is so designated. Duties incorporate echoing (calling out) "rolls" and "cuts", locking up (making certain nothing interferes with a shot), wrangling talent and also background, facilitating communication between sections, distributing documents and radios, and related jobs as decided by the ADs. Set PAs generally do the job 12- to 16-hour days with the possibility after a shoot to work in excess of 20 hours just one day and so are regularly the "first to show up as well as the last to leave".

Duties can interchange, for instance an "office PA" working away at location if an extra hand is required, or perhaps a "set PA" working in the office on hiatus weeks whenever the physical production is closed.

Just like all basic level positions, the item to become a P.A. is to work yourself out of the job simply by making your self very valuable to be kept in the entry level position. Being a P.A. is a weird test having just one question; Do you want to become the greatest P.A. you can, even though you realize that you won't be a P.A. for too long? The reasoning guiding this really is that the people above you will have paid their dues and established their enthusiasm, (privately, not just to others) so they require that you do the very same.

The other side of the coin is that a great P.A. is incredibly precious because there's nobody else for the job. As a result, be proud of every one of the minor disheartening jobs you'll need to carry out. Go ahead and take task very seriously. Always be honored and content to get coffee, and don't forget who prefers three sugars. If you're an outstanding P.A., you will definitely get elevated quickly, and the coffee will come to you.

To find out how to get a job as a Production Assistant [http://howtogetafilmindustryjob.com] or other information about the film industry, visit howtogetafilmindustryjob.com [http://howtogetafilmindustryjob.com].

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What is A Documentary Film?

What is A Documentary Film?

By Travis Tracy

What is a documentary film? Well, essentially it is a film that is supposed to document reality. There is a wide variety of documentary films. There are hundreds of historical documentaries, and there have been some very popular political documentaries as of late. Although in my personal opinion you will find many of the late political documentaries have a bias agenda.

[caption id="attachment_874" align="alignleft" width="500"] What is A Documentary Film?[/caption]

For example, Al Gore released an extremely popular documentary called "An Inconvenient Truth" which was about global warming. While many still say that global warming is not absolute truth and that we are merely in a cycle of a small change in the worlds climate, this documentary states it as thought it is a fact rather than a theory. It provides only the evidence that supports the theory. While the documentary is rather interesting, it obviously has a very bias agenda.

Other popular political documentaries are Michael Moore's films, "Fahrenheit 9/11" and "Sicko". Fahrenheit 9/11 was probably one of the most controversial films of the last decade. It contains outlandish comments about the Bush administration and even referring to the media as "cheerleaders" for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Many people supported it, but those that disliked it found it necessary to make a rebuttal documentary of their own entitled "FahrenHYPE 9/11". The documentary is devoted to try to prove many statements that were made in the Fahrenheit 9/11 documentary as false.

Sicko made its own wave of controversy. It made comments about how poor the American government's healthcare system really was. I do not believe it made as much of an impact simply because most people are aware that our quality of healthcare is much better than most other countries, it is just the cost that is killing everyone. Michael Moore takes it to another level stating that even some third world countries have better healthcare. I think most everyone knows this is simply untrue. You can simply take a look at the rampant diseases in those areas to determine the truth on the matter.

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