Showing posts with label Business. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Business. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 8, 2014

What is an Authorized Reseller?

Authorized Reseller(what is an Authorized Reseller? )


Author:  Jezriel


What is an authorized reseller? An authorized reseller is a person or business entity that makes bulk purchases of products from manufacturing companies and then resells these products again to the consumers...

[caption id="attachment_1125" align="aligncenter" width="590"]What is an Authorized Reseller? www.whatis.website-site.com-190 What is an Authorized Reseller?[/caption]

Authorized resellers earn profit in this kind of business set-up since they get discounted prices from manufacturers in wholesale buying and subsequently have the pleasure of determining much higher prices in reselling the products. In other words, whatever amount that exceeds the manufacturer's price is the reseller's financial gain.

A reseller is authorized if there is a formal business agreement between the reseller and the manufacturing company. What is meant by business agreement is the manufacturing company's acknowledgment that bulks of its products will be bought and resold by the reseller. Inside this same agreement is a set of privileges, benefits and other corporate assistance that the manufacturer will provide to its authorized reseller throughout the course of their business contract.

Authorized reseller vs. Authorized agent. It is important to point out though that an authorized reseller is different from an authorized agent. An authorized reseller completely owns the products once the purchase is done, and as mentioned, the reseller has the freedom to decide the selling price of the products. An authorized agent on the other hand does not own the products to be sold, as these still belong to the manufacturing company. An agent basically relies on the prices quoted by the manufacturer, and earns profit through hitting the target sales quotas and getting sales commissions.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/corporate-articles/authorized-resellerwhat-is-an-authorized-reseller--507927.html

About the Author

Wednesday, November 28, 2012

What is ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning?

What is ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning?


Author:Alicia Johnson


ERP is a process of integrating data and processes into a unified system comprising software, hardware and an unified process for achieving integration. It also helps in storing data for various purposes throughout the company. It is used for referring how companies of industrial types are planned for using the organizational resources. However, there is a query on people's mind that what is ERP? First of all, it must offer companies essential functionalities for almost two or more functions.  Today's ERP system software covers more than two functions. These days ERP is being used by almost all types of industries whether it is large, small or of any type. It accomplishes single database which employs varying software modules. Ideal configuration is having single ERP for entire organization.  However, companies which are large generally create ERP and add extra external interfaces for the stand-alone systems. Perfect system comprises single database for every area of company which have data for different software modules.

[caption id="attachment_718" align="aligncenter" width="475"]What is ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning? What is ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning?[/caption]

Before the emergence of ERP system, every organization has its own data, database and system. The main issue was that system was not capable of communicating with one another, as the financial section of the company resides on a system other than Human Resources. Customer Relations Management, Manufacturing functions, Human resources etc are found under ERP system. The main key to ERP system software is integration.  It integrates data and other processes from different areas of organization as well as unifies it. For providing ease of access and sound work flow, such applications are really useful. When company uses the software, every aspect of a company works in complete harmony. And thus the productivity of organization increases and less types of software is required. It is considered much effective in fulfilling the company's requirement in a proper way. It covers workflow management, manufacturing process, quality control, engineering, bill of material etc. Some other benefits are billing, costing, time and expense, activity management etc.

Companies may implement specific customized software with the help of ERP vendors or consultants. Three types of ERP system are required for carrying out system properly namely support customization and consulting. It has several benefits as it can streamline the varying processes and easily share data between the different departments of organization. It leads to better forecasting and tracking as well as offers enhanced customer service.  Implementing such software is not an easier task, as it requires considerable consulting and planning. As ERP system software implementation is a complicated task in terms of investment, therefore providers generate proposals for the buyers. Such proposals comprise various implementation time frames, cost differences and expected business.  Enterprise Resource Planning systems are wide in scope and could be extremely complicated for different organizations. For the growth of your business, there is a need of suitable software for keeping track of accounting, shipment and inventory. Such programs are being used by big players of market having several hundreds of employees spread all over. Therefore, choose the right type of ERP software for your organization and make your business a success.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/information-technology-articles/what-is-erp-enterprise-resource-planning-6305045.html

About the Author

ERP Software Company offers web based ERP Software Solutions with fully customization. Integrated ERP Software India helps to improvement industry work efficiency.

What is Multi Channel Ecommerce Solution?

What is Multi Channel Ecommerce Solution?


Author:lawyer


There was a time when people were skeptical about buying and trading things off the Internet. However, people now actually prefer sitting at home and procuring items with the click of a button. It is being widely said that online shopping may in fact be the way the future goes, with the recent example of the luxury brand Burberry trying to bring the online experience into their brick and mortal retail store. Which brings us to the question of how exactly do people go about selling their products online and why is this more beneficial for the general public? The answer lies in multi channel ecommerce solutions.

[caption id="attachment_715" align="aligncenter" width="480"]What is Multi Channel Ecommerce Solution? What is Multi Channel Ecommerce Solution?[/caption]

While some people may not be aware of what multi channel ecommerce is all about, there are many million dollar businesses that function entirely on the basis of multi channel stores. A multichannel retailing is primarily the option of merging retail operations in such a way that from a single portal, people can easily make transactions and payments from various payment gateways. The channels that fall under multi channel ecommerce solutions could vary and in fact, be anything right from electronic items to mobiles, app stores and what not.

Multichannel retailing is slowly turning into one of the most preferred option for people and this is happening for a variety of reasons. People now prefer to be able to make transactions from the comfort of their homes rather than having to physically go to stores. What's more, some stores even offer the option of payment on delivery of goods at the very doorstep. This in itself proves to be a great boost for people as they can examine the goods and there is no risk of buying and paying for damaged goods that can't be claimed later.

Many different businesses and well known retail names are slowly shifting towards the multi channel ecommerce solutions option after analyzing the potential that this form of business holds. This is especially true in the case of electronic items, as it allows people to examine the item on delivery. Some stores even have a ten day trial period during which they can return the goods and get their money back. With the endless options and advantages that multi channel ecommerce solutions offers, it is barely surprising to know that economists have predicted this to be the chief and main mode of business and trading transactions in the future.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/sales-articles/what-is-multi-channel-ecommerce-solution-6321228.html

About the Author

Boost online Sales for any thing, sales, marketing, ecommerce, multi channel ecommerce and everythings.

What is the difference between UPC codes and EAN codes?

What is the difference between UPC codes and EAN codes?


Author:SimplyBarcodes


A 'UPC' (Universal Product Code) is assigned to a product and contains a unique number that can be used to identify a single distinct product. Stores use this number to keep track of inventory, sales, taxes and re-ordering needs. While the UPC is used for merchandise in the United States and Canada and contains 12 numerical characters, the EAN (International Article Number) has 13 numerical characters and is used in countries other than those in the U.S. and Canada.

[caption id="attachment_1116" align="aligncenter" width="650"]What is the difference between UPC codes and EAN codes? What is the difference between UPC codes and EAN codes?[/caption]

The use of UPC and EAN numbers has become so widespread that most retailers refuse to carry/sell a product without a UPC/EAN number. Most stores (online or otherwise) use what's called a 'POS' (point of sale) system. Basically, this is the 'point' or place where a purchasing transaction occurs and money is exchanged for a service or product. This generally occurs at the register or check out location.

What kinds of items have UPCs? Pretty much every item in your kitchen pantry has a UPC barcode on it. Although there are a few exceptions to the rule – such as books (which require an ISBN, a different kind of code), prescription medications, and magazines for example – just about every other product that is sold mainstream is a participant in the coding system. For small business owners who have a product they wish to market, they will find that retailers will not do business with them unless these codes are either printed into the packaging or labeled with UPC sticker barcodes.

Although the numbers can be entered manually into the computer or register, in order to be scanned by a 'reader,' the UPC must have a barcode attached to it. The barcode is a series of bars of varying widths which the computer translates and matches up to the corresponding numerically labeled item in the database.

A governing board known as GS1 is charged with the oversight of the UPC and EAN systems. It is their job to set forth and enforce the guidelines and bylaws which all users agree to be governed by. In order to obtain a UPC or EAN code, you can join GS1 (membership fees are quite expensive) and lease your numbers. Or if you only need a few, you can purchase them from a reputable business that specializes in generating and selling the codes. It's important to do your homework on the business you select.

As with all niche markets these days, there are dishonest individuals trying to take advantage of hard working people. It's a solid business practice to get in the habit of doing background research and checking out consumer review sites before doing business with any online entity.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/databases-articles/what-is-the-difference-between-upc-codes-and-ean-codes-6321661.html

About the Author

For a reputable company that you can trust to provide you with authentic UPCs, try the professionals over at: Simplybarcodes.net or for EANs try: OfficialEANcode.com They have been in business for over a decade and have a proven track record as well as an A rating with the BBB. Whether you decide to obtain your codes from the above businesses or not, they are great sources of information, so it's highly recommended that you at least check out their sites! Happy coding everyone!

Tuesday, November 6, 2012

What is Social Commerce?

What Is Social Commerce Anyway?


By James Corr


So what exactly is "social commerce"? In short, social commerce is selling with social media, online media that supports user contributions and social interaction. It's selling with the current "Big Five".

[caption id="attachment_704" align="aligncenter" width="450"]What Is Social Commerce? What Is Social Commerce?[/caption]

The Big Five Include:

  1. Facebook

  2. Youtube

  3. Twitter

  4. LinkedIn

  5. Pinterest


And some other social media platforms like Google+, Instagram and Qoura.

In 17th century, the French playwright Moliere used the term "Social Commerce".

Here, social commerce termed "social transactions" in which reputations and public "social" images were exchanged instead of money. Sports brand Nike has recently revived this idea with an innovative custom Facebook application that allows people to bid for and buy Nike sneakers with their reputation rather than money-in the form of points earned through Nike+ applications.

Social commerce is about using social media as "transactional media" to complete sales transactions, but in some of the most innovative cases of social commerce, no money changes hands.

Industry thought-leader Steve Rubel from the PR firm Edelman sums up the umbrella term of social commerce nicely: social commerce is about "creating places where people can collaborate online, find goods and services, get advice from trusted individuals and then purchase them."

Social Applications for E-Commerce Sites that enable vendors to collect and share user feedback-ratings, reviews, and recommendations-on their site and through their customers' social networks, and personalize the e-commerce experience. These apps range from simple social sharing plug-ins that add sharing buttons such as the Pinterest "Pin" button to product pages, to social plug-ins that add Amazon-style ratings and reviews features to an e-commerce site. These apps not only accelerate and amplify the word of mouth, but can also allow vendors to predict demand and offer personalized recommendations based on similarities between shopper profiles.

E-Commerce Applications for Social Sites that help vendors sell directly in social media such as from their blog, YouTube channel, or Facebook Page. These range from simple storefront plug-ins that republish an external e-commerce site on a social media page to standalone e-commerce applications for social media.

E-commerce apps for social media sites have been particularly popular with small and medium-size businesses, providing a cost-effective and simple alternative to maintaining a traditional e-commerce site. Market leader Payvment currently has over 150,000 businesses using its social media e-commerce application.

Mobile Applications for In-store Social Shopping that help people shop smarter by shopping together via mobile handsets. These range from mobile apps for "group-buying," which allow people to get store discounts by clubbing together and buying in bulk, to mobile apps that help store visitors get instant feedback from their friends on whether or what to buy. Mobile apps for in-store social shopping also include so-called "check-in" apps such as foursquare, which reward people for sharing where they are shopping, as well as a new generation of mobile "ACT" apps (Assistive Consumer Technology), which add a social "augmented reality" layer to the store experience, displaying shared reviews, ratings, and recommendations when the handset is pointed at particular products.

Web Applications for Social Shopping that support vendors to promote and sell their products on sites where share, shoppers congregate, exchange, and buy. These range from shopping club sites such as Fab and Gilt that run regular retail events for to community-based vendors, marketplaces such as Shoply and Etsy which allow vendors to cultivate one-to-one relationships with their customers. Web apps for social shopping also contain platforms such as The Fancy, Pinterest and Svpply which offer gathered and curated product selections-as well as sites such as Made.com, which allow designers to submit product designs, which if popular, go into production.

We are specialized in web ecommerce solutions and we can make very special ecommerce website for your business as well. Feel free to contact us for complete ecommerce solutions.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Corr

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-Social-Commerce-Anyway?&id=7358444

Sunday, October 21, 2012

What is Goodwill on a Balance Sheet?

What is Goodwill on a Balance Sheet?


By Preston G Pysh


There are a variety of different lines on a balance sheet, and if you really want to understand the sheet in its entirety, it is vital that you understand each line.

[caption id="attachment_1037" align="aligncenter" width="605"]What is Goodwill on a Balance Sheet? www.whatis.website-site.com-152 What is Goodwill on a Balance Sheet?[/caption]

Understanding each line goes further than just knowing what it means. You should also learn how it can affect you. Let's start by taking a look at the Goodwill line on a balance sheet. This is one of the lines that is most often misunderstood. Some people have even misunderstood it to be the amount of money that businesses donate to charity. This is very far from the real meaning of Goodwill on a balance sheet.

The easiest definition of Goodwill on a balance sheet is basically what comes about when two companies merge together. Two separate businesses merge together, and this can create some confusion for some people. Let's say the first business is buying out the second business. When this happens, there is a lot more to it than simply merging together. The first business will start by determining the worth of the second business. Then, they deduct any liabilities owed by the second business, because these will also be transferred with the merge.

It is key to remember that when companies merge together, the balance sheets are also merged together. When buying out another business, the amount paid for the business is likely going to be more than the actual book value of the business. This is due to the stock value of the business. The difference between these two values will give you the Goodwill value. While the assets of the new balance sheet will be higher, so will the liabilities. These are all things that should be taken into consideration when a merge is in question.

The Goodwill value can sometimes be highly inflated, especially if the stocks for the business are highly inflated. This can prove to be quite deceiving for the buying company, but can ultimately cause the other company to make a larger profit on their business. The best way to avoid paying too much for a business is by analyzing the stock markets and market shares well in advance. It is also a good idea to recognize the trends in the stocks before making a concrete decision.

The Goodwill value is generally included in the assets of the business, along with tangible assets. It is a different type of asset. It is definitely not one of the tangible assets that can be sold during economic downturns when you need to raise money for your business. Considering the fact that stock prices can change on a day to day basis, some businesses end up losing money when they buy out another business when the stock shares are priced higher.

If you have ever been baffled about the Goodwill line on the balance sheet, this should help to put any questions that you may have had to rest. It is definitely something that many people misunderstand. A misunderstanding of this line can have detrimental results for the profitability of a business.

If you would like to learn more about goodwill on a balance sheet, be sure to click on this link because it provides more information and a wonderful video on how it applies to Warren Buffett style investing.

Also, if you would like to learn how Warren Buffett invests, this link takes you to a comprehensive site that teaches his investing techniques.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-Goodwill-on-a-Balance-Sheet?&id=7239329

What is a Balance Sheet and How Can I Use It for Investing?

What is a Balance Sheet and How Can I Use It for Investing?


By Preston G Pysh


A balance sheet is a financial statement that provides information about the company's assets and liabilities and the shareholder's equity. There is a specific formula that all sheets follow. Basically, the assets of a company equal the liabilities plus the equity of the shareholders. The point of a balance sheet is to ensure that both of the sides balance out to be equal. The company will have to pay for their assets by using loans or shareholders' equity.

[caption id="attachment_1033" align="aligncenter" width="500"]What is a Balance Sheet? www.whatis.website-site.com-151 What is a Balance Sheet?[/caption]

Let's take a closer look at the three main components that make up the sheet.

Company Assets

A company's assets are basically the items that the company owns that are valuable, and in most cases they were paid for by the company or donated to them. There are many different asset types. These include cash assets, receivables, property, and many others.

Company Liabilities

A company's liabilities include the items that the company must pay out to other people, including other businesses, individuals, or government agencies. There are many different liability types. These include current liabilities, short term liabilities, long term liabilities, and many others.

Stockholders' Equity

A company's stockholder equity is basically the amount of money that investors have put into the company. Some of this will also include profits that the company has kept to use for new projects that are business related.

Sheets are used to reconcile accounts. Assets should always be equal to the amount of liabilities and equity. Therefore, the equation is A = L + E, or Assets = Liabilities + Equity. It is fairly simple to understand.

A balance sheet can also be used to see where a business stands financially. Investors should always be aware of the businesses that they entrust their investments with. A good way to ensure that you are making wise investment choices is to take a look at the sheet to ensure that they even out. Shareholders will definitely want to know where they stand on these financial documents.

Another group of people that commonly view these finances are potential creditors. Creditors that help out businesses will want to know that a business is able to check and balance their assets and liabilities. This helps to show them that they are making wise loans to the business.

Analyzing a balance sheet may not be as easy as it sounds. The best way to analyze these sheets is through the use of ratio analysis. There are three different ratios to consider. These include class liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, and profitability ratios. Each of these ratios shows a particular business aspect.

If you really want to improve your business and investment moves, then you will want to make sure that you focus on learning the in's and out's of the balance sheet and how they can affect you. Don't glance blindly at a balance sheet without understanding how to properly analyze it. This can be very detrimental, especially for people who are new to investing.

If you would like to learn more about what a balance sheet is, be sure to click on this link because it provides a great video lesson on the subject.

Also, if you would like to learn investing like Warren Buffett, this link takes you to an in-depth site that teaches his investing approach through 10 hours of YouTube videos.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-a-Balance-Sheet-and-How-Can-I-Use-It-for-Investing?&id=7239538

What is a Cash Flow Statement?

What is a Cash Flow Statement and How Can Investors Use It to Their Own Advantage?


By Preston G Pysh


The cash flow statement is a statement produced by the public companies on an annual basis in order to identify the inflows and outflows of cash. As opposed to the income statement that identifies the profit for the year, the cash flow statement provides a true picture of the cash in hand of the business. Thus, this statement is useful for understanding the liquidity position of the company. The cash balance presented in the balance sheet is tied with the profit shown in the income statement and therefore the cash statement provides a link between the statement of financial position and statement of comprehensive income.

[caption id="attachment_1030" align="aligncenter" width="500"]What is a Cash Flow Statement? www.whatis.website-site.com-150 What is a Cash Flow Statement?[/caption]

The cash flow statement identifies various sources of inflow and outflow of cash which are categorized into three major aspects namely operating, financing and investing flows of cash. The operating activities measure the cash that arises as a result of business operations and this starts with the profit after tax as reported in the income statement. Non cash expenses such as depreciation are added back to the PAT whereas accruals of interest and tax expense are adjusted so that the cash outflow is determined.

Changes in the working capital are identified and these are also adjusted accordingly in order to arrive at cash generated from operating activities. The next component of the statement is the investing cash that largely pertain to the capital transactions of the business. Any purchase and sales of property, plant and equipment is recorded in this section in order to identify the net cash from financing activities. Lastly, the financing section highlights the business transactions that are meant to raise finance such as debt issue, equity issue or loan repayment. The financing section highlights the changes in capital structure that came about in a given year. The net result of the cash from operating, investing and financing activities is the cash flow generated during a given year. This is then added with the balance at bank at the year start so that the balance at the year end is computed. This is then verified with the balance shown in the current assets within the balance sheet.

The cash flow statement is of immense importance to the investors as they can identify transactions that are not depicted in the balance sheet and income statement. The company's cash position determines the liquidity of the firm and the change in cash from year start to the year-end would help the investors in identifying the change in liquidity position. An assessment of the liquidity would enable the investor to identify the ability of the business to pay off its debts with ease.

The cash flow statement can also be used by the investors to identify the free flow of cash within a business. This information is not presented by the income statement that is based on the concept of accruals and prudence. The free flow of cash within a business would help in identifying the true cash that's generated as a result of the operations after the deduction of any capital expenditure that is required to maintain the operations of the company. Low or negative cash flows would indicate the lack of operating efficiency of the business and therefore investors must analyze the FCF of a given firm over a period of time.

The cash flow statement is also an indicative of the current capital expenditure policy of the firm. The investing section would highlight the expenditure on equipment. A negative or a positive investing cash flow does not indicate the true position of the company. A negative cash flow might arise as a result of high capital expenditure in a given year whereas a positive investing cash flow could come about as a result of sale of equipment. These are one off items and must not be used as a means to assess the liquidity position of a company. An investor can therefore identify the underlying reasons for negative or positive cash flow and therefore ascertain the future stream of cash flows. For example, a large outflow in the present year might result in low or negative cash balance but it is likely to result in more efficient operations which would enhance profitability and thus earning per shares. The investor can therefore use this information to predict the future profitability and operating capacity of the organization.

Furthermore, the finance section depicts the financing activities of the business and allows the investor to ascertain the changes made within the capital structure in a given year. For example, an investor can analyze the increase in debt or equity in a given year and therefore ascertain the changes in financial risk that a firm faces. An investor would also be able to determine the true reason for the cash in hand. For example a low cash balance might indicate low liquidity at a glance. But in reality it might be as a result of debt repayment which is a one off item and therefore the investor would easily be able to conclude that the business at present does not face a shortage of cash due to inefficient operations but simply because of repayment of debt.

An investor is thus able to analyze the various inflows and outflows of cash from the cash flow statement and also ascertain the sources of cash. Investors are able to identify the free cash flows generated from operations and therefore are able to analyze the ability of the business to pay back its debt while also meet its interest payments. The growth prospects and the ability to pay out dividends can also be predicted from FCF. The investor is able to analyze the investment policy of the company for example a firm is likely to pursue an aggressive investment strategy if there are capital outflows over a period of time. Thus, the cash flow statement is of immense importance to the investors who can use it to ascertain the various sources of cash inflow and outflow.

If you would like to learn more about what a Cash Flow Statement is, I would recommend watching this 15 minute video from YouTube. The video provides some really good tips on how an investor should view the statement.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-a-Cash-Flow-Statement-and-How-Can-Investors-Use-It-to-Their-Own-Advantage?&id=7243924

What is a Bond's Yield to Call?

What is a Bond's Yield to Call?


By Preston G Pysh


Any investor that is looking forward to investing in bonds must have an understanding of the term yield to call. Some bonds are callable meaning that they can be redeemed before the maturity date by the issuer at a call price that is slightly higher than the par value of the bond. Normally, bonds are called five to ten years after the date of issue and these types of bonds are regarded as call protected securities. This means they can be redeemed before the maturity date. The date at which the bonds are called for redemption is essentially known as the call date.

[caption id="attachment_1027" align="aligncenter" width="500"]What is a Bond's Yield to Call? www.whatis.website-site.com-149 What is a Bond's Yield to Call?[/caption]

Investors are interested in the returns that would be generated by the bond over the period of investment. The cash flows associated with a bond are usually the initial outflow at the market value of the bond and the later inflows in terms of interest payments and redemption value. These three primary factors determine the yield of a bond. The basic definition is the rate of return that would be earned by an investor if the investor buys a callable bond. The yield to call is the discount factor that results in the future cash inflows to generate a present value that is equal to the market value of the bond.

The yield that occurs once a bond is called is applicable only if the bond is redeemed before the date of maturity. The yield to call calculation has an inherent assumption that the investor can reinvest the interest payments at a specified rate. However, this assumption does not hold true in the real world and therefore critics argue that this calculation does not provide the true rate of return for the investors. This calculation also assumes that the bond holder will hold the bond until the call date and the issuer will call the bond at the earliest date possible. However, this may or may not be true.

The yield of a bond is likely to be lower than the yield to call calculated on the basis of redemption value, market value and coupon payments. This is because the issuer has the power to call the bond before the date of maturity and this acts as a barrier for price appreciation. The price of a called bond will not rise above the call price even when market interest rates fall below the coupon rate. This is due to the fact that the organization is likely to redeem the bonds as soon as the market conditions turn favorable. Therefore, although the yield to call calculation provides the rate of return that would be earned by an investor who invests in a callable bond, this calculation is subject to limitations due to inherent assumptions and nature of the security.

If you're interested in using a yield to call calculator, be sure to follow this link to a online calculator.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-a-Bonds-Yield-to-Call?&id=7286851

What is a Bond Yield Curve?

 What is a Bond Yield Curve and How Do Investors Use Them?


By Preston G Pysh


The more advanced you become in stock and bond investing, the more familiar you'll become with a thing called a bond yield curve. This graph is probably one of the only tools you might find that can aide in predicting market trends. Since interest rates are ultimately controlled by the Federal Reserve (FED), tracking the way that the FED adjusts these rates can really help your investing approach.

[caption id="attachment_1025" align="aligncenter" width="500"]What is a Bond Yield Curve? www.whatis.website-site.com-148 What is a Bond Yield Curve?[/caption]

The yield curve is broken down into two axis'. The x-axis is the term of the federal bill, note, and bond. While the y-axis is the corresponding yield for each of those securities. In order to show how all the investments are inter-related, a line is drawn between them on the graph. If you'd like to see what a yield curve looks like, simply google the term and you'll see a multitude of examples.

You see, the FED is completely reactionary. If the market goes down and jobless rates increase, they increase the supply of money so interest rates decrease. Inversely, if the market is booming and employment is very high, the FED gradually raises interest rates in order to prevent a future market bubble. This cycle, which some argue is the result of the FED itself (and I kind of agree), is something that will continue to occur in the future as long as we have a central bank for the country.

So how can you take advantage of this behavior as a stock and bond investor? Well for starters, let's talk about bonds. We know that the market value of a bond is directly related to interest rates. If we look at a current bond yield curve in 2012, you'll see a positively sloped graph that depicts the yield on long term bonds much higher than short term notes and bills. This is important because it's the FEDs way of saying, "Hey we don't think these low interest rates are going to last for a long period of time. In fact, over a 30 year period we think the average yield will be X (insert the yield from the intersection of the 30 year bond and line on the chart)" Knowing that the market value of a bond decreases when interest rates increase, we can rest assure that buying bonds in 2012 is probably a very poor financial decision.

With respect to stocks, we know when the yield curve is positively slopped, short term interest rates are low and it probably means it's a great time to be purchasing common shares.

Although this article only provides a very quick and ruff way to examine yield curves, active investors should really try to learn more about this wonderful tool.

If you would like to watch a 15 minute YouTube video on how bond yield curves work, be sure to click on this link. This takes you to a wonderful site that shows you how to access bond yield curves and applies the information to previous market conditions.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-a-Bond-Yield-Curve-and-How-Do-Investors-Use-Them?&id=7313539

What is a Stock Screener?

What is a Stock Screener and How Can Traders Use It to Their Advantage?


By Preston G Pysh


Making good stock selections is vital when it comes to successful investing. Traders will likely want to learn how to choose the stocks that will give them the best return on their investment. There are thousands of stocks to choose from, and choosing a good stock can prove to be quite the challenge. It is virtually impossible to sort through each and every stock and study the data of each one- or is it? A stock screener has now made this a possibility. Screeners can help traders pull up only the stocks that meet certain criteria. If you are new to investing, you will definitely want to learn more about stock screeners and how they can benefit you.

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The Basics of Screeners


Screeners are used to search for certain stocks that will meet the criteria provided by the trader. They are made up of three different parts. First, they have a database of all companies that participate in stock trading. Next, they have a set of questions for traders to answer in order to provide information about the types of stocks they want to invest in. Finally, they have a screening program that helps to sort the companies based on the criteria indicated by the trader.

Using the stock screener is a lot easier than it may sound. You will start by answering questions regarding the size of the stock, prices of the stocks, current trends, price-to-earning ratio, volatility, profit margin and debt-to-equity ratio. Once you answer these questions, a list of stocks will be provided to you that meet your specific requirements. The good news is that most of the questions that you answer will be based on a measurable factor. Quantitative analysis is very important when it comes to choosing the right stock to invest in.

Types of Screeners


Now that you know a little about how stock screeners can benefit traders, it is time to learn more about the types of screeners available. There are two basic types- customizable screeners and predefined screeners. Customizable screeners allow you to customize your screening questions to bring you the most accurate results. Predefined screeners have preset screening questions that are commonly used by many investors. These may be best for beginners.
Key Factors to Remember When Using a Screener

It is really important to remember that while stock screeners can be a really great tool for traders when it comes to choosing the right type of stock, it is not always fool proof. Stock screeners will generally only use the quantitative data about the stocks, and will not factor in any of the qualitative factors. You will always want to do a bit of research to learn more about customer satisfaction, along with any pending changes. Another thing to keep in mind is that some stock screeners are not as up-to-date as others. Choosing timely databases is vital if you really want to get the best results.

Hopefully these tips will help!

If you would like to learn more about stock screeners, be sure to click on this link because it provides a nice video that shows you how to implement the use of a Google stock screener.

Also, if you would like to learn how to invest like Warren Buffett, this link has some of the best videos on the web. You'll be sure to learn a lot.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh
http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-a-Stock-Screener-and-How-Can-Traders-Use-It-to-Their-Advantage?&id=7239316

Saturday, October 20, 2012

What is Your Investment Risk Tolerance?

What is Your Investment Risk Tolerance?


By Ann B Zuraw


W is for What is Your Investment Risk Tolerance?

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When planning to invest, you must first understand your attitude to risk. You must ask yourself whether you are prepared to risk a large, medium or small proportion of your money. How much risk are you willing to take? Do you have a high tolerance for risk or are you more conservative? Many financial advisors can help factor in you circumstance along with your comfort level and help you find a suitable risk level. This assessment will help you decide what type of investments you make.

The risk profiles below may help you identify what sort of investor you are:

No risk - The most important factor to you when considering savings is to preserve you capital. This means you tend to restrict your savings to cash deposits, interest bearing savings accounts and similar products that offer available access to your money and are covered under depositor's protection.

You understand the effects of inflation on your money and how this can reduce the value of your money overtime.

Low risk - You wish to achieve reasonable returns but would like to invest in a way that allows you to preserve more capital if the markets fall. You understand that it may be necessary to take some risk in order to achieve potential returns equivalent to or higher than those available from cash deposits. This could involve your capital being invested five years or more with low to medium exposure to stocks and shares along with other more riskier investments.

You are willing to accept that the value of your investment many fluctuate and you might get back less or more than you invested at the time of maturity or even earlier.

Medium risk - It is important to you that you have the potential to achieve attractive returns. You also wish to invest some not all of your capital in the more riskier investments. You accept this is necessary to achieve potential higher returns than those available from cash deposits. You understand that your capital needs to be invested for five years or more with medium to medium high exposure to stocks and shares and other riskier investments.

The opportunity to achieve attractive returns (for growth or income needs) is very important to you but you also want to invest in a way that does not expose all of your capital to more riskier investments. You have some experience in taking investment risks and accept this is necessary to achieve potential returns much higher than those available from cash deposits. You understand that this could involve your capital being invested for five years or more with medium to medium high exposure to stocks and shares and other more riskier investments.

You are willing to accept that the value of your investment may fluctuate and you might get back less or more than you invested at the time of maturity or earlier.

High risk - As an experienced investor you are prepared to take on a very high level of investment risk that may offer potential to achieve exceptional returns. This potential is a key priority for you, even in situations where it might pose a significant risk to some or all of your capital.

You understand that this could involve your capital being invested for five years or more with maximum exposure to stocks and shares and other more riskier investments.

You are willing to accept that the value of your investment may fluctuate and you might get back less or more than you invested at the time of maturity or earlier.

If you should have any questions or would like to set up an appointment to determine your Investment Risk Tolerance Profile, please feel free to contact me.

Answers from AZ

Go to http://www.WomenMoneyandDivorce.com or http://www.ChicksChatandChange.com for more information

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ann_B_Zuraw

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-Your-Investment-Risk-Tolerance?&id=7330900

What is Brand Credibility?

What is Brand Credibility?


By Effi N. Hatcher


Brand credibility is usually pointed out by marketing specialists as one psychological element that could trigger the purchasing reaction of consumers. Nevertheless, just like with any type of triggers, it can create a positive or negative effect. In this case, it relates to your brand's reputation and its capability (or incapacity) to convert that into sales.

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As a company owner, you must try to change your mindset into that of the consumers. Try to realize how you would perceive various companies and how it affects your purchasing choices. Most often, consumers would opt for those businesses that are deemed to be experts in their respective industries.

Other elements that affect your purchasing patterns would include longevity, which includes the years that a company has been in existence. This shows their mass appeal and quality of their service or product given that it has been favored by a certain demographic and for that given period. This is what credibility in branding is about: the perception that people have of your business or company.

Building Credibility

Now that you understand what brand credibility is, you must face the tougher question: how do you build it? This is even more difficult for business newbies or business startups because there is a lot of work to be done. Aside from that, you need to continuously feed it so as to be able to maintain that credibility that you have built up for your business.

Credibility is the center of every business. Even though you provide quality products or services, if your customers perceive your business as incapable of offering such level of quality, then it would be of no use. It would not be able to verify your business as a reliable choice among several possible competing choices in the market.

To create brand credibility, you need to meet up with the following categories:

• Non-verbal such as your logo or image,

• Verbal efforts through marketing or advertising,

• Mission and Vision of the business to reflect your organization's values,

• and, Central operations that is crucial in delivering your guarantees to the customer.

Following are tips on how you can build credibility towards success.

Customer Perceptions

You build this initially by doing business that satisfies your customer. When you make advertising campaign claims about your product or service, you need to meet or exceed their expectation standards to be able to build that positive perception about your business. First impressions always last, so you need to make a good first impression if you want to increase market share.

Highlight Business Skills

No matter of what product or service you are offering, you must demonstrate your skills in that given field. Show data and statistics that serve as facts to what your business is capable of delivering. That is why most companies or websites advertise with testimonials to demonstrate the results of using their product. When consumers see actual results, it extends from your products to your overall company image.

Consistency

As previously mentioned above, building credibility is not a one-time process. Instead, you must also work on maintaining and enhancing it. After all, one slip-up could easily trump the reputation you have built. Consistency then becomes of utmost importance in your business. It must be aligned with all processes involved in your business procedures, from advertising, to the marketing, and production.

If you want to attain a certain level of standard, it must be true for all levels of business operation since this will serve to back up your integrity. Learn to follow the essentials of building and establishing brand credibility for it is one important aspect in achieving longevity.

I'm online marketer for many years with a strong backup in marketing and sales online and offline, I'm also the Author of "Branding on Steroid" for local business and the creator of several step by step build your brand guide's for local businesses.

http://effinhatcher.com/

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Effi_N._Hatcher

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-Brand-Credibility?&id=7332701

What is (Public Relations) PR?

What is PR?


By Jo Macdermott


There are many misconceptions about what exactly Public Relations is and how important it is in the marketing mix.

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Put simply, public relations is about putting together and sustaining a positive public image for a business, organisation, or person with the end result being a profitable, well thought of organisation.

There are many methods, tools, and techniques that PR professionals use to increase sales margins, enhance reputations and publicise a business.

Before any of this can be done a target audience must be reached to ensure the information is falling into the right hands. Once this is established and the intended image achieved, PR professionals use a combination of the following tools to gain PR for a business:

Media Releases: Press Releases and media kits remain an important part of generating media interest. In this era of technology they are generally emailed to bloggers, website owners, magazine editors, and other people of interest. They contain practical information about the product or service including pricing, availability and use, as well as more creative information about the inspiration behind the product, the benefits, and the point of difference.

Social Networking: Facebook and Twitter have become vital tools to PR professionals. Both help a consumer feel more connected to a product or business and allow them to spread the word more easily. Often, competitions are held on company pages to encourage people to suggest their friends. This sort of activity not only generates interest, but also brands the product or service as something which is out to help the consumer.

Events: These can be either a public or private event. Sometimes events will be held for media personnel during which the company hosts a meal, party, or other event to teach the media about their product. More public events include trade shows, conferences, public appearances, stunts, and store openings.

Personal Relationships: The best PR professionals can befriend almost anybody! Building relationships with media personalities, bloggers, celebrities, and writers is an absolute necessity in PR. Their friendships are what ensure people of note are getting their client's name out there on a regular basis.

Do you use PR in your business?

I Will Talk With Anyone...

Maybe only in America and perhaps only suited to people who want to get some left of centre PR for themselves, but I did actually quite like this idea.

Steve Lambert - sets up a booth in a central location and will talk to anyone. What a great concept.

I remember when I worked in a corporate office there were lots of times at lunchtime it would have been nice to have a conversation with a random person who had something interesting to say. Actually, even now.

Does anyone know of someone in Melbourne doing this?

Jo Macdermott is the Chief Marketing Consultant at Next Marketing in Melbourne. She has 15 years of marketing experience, is a Certified Practising Marketer, and is a sought after marketing media commentator. Her team at Next Marketing can help you devise a marketing strategy, implement a social media plan, and her highly talented graphic designers work alongside her marketing pros to build a solid marketing plan that will help you attract more customers, expand your business, and build momentum for many months to come.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jo_Macdermott
http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-PR?&id=7277411

 

 

What is Strategic Marketing?

What is Strategic Marketing?


By Jo Macdermott


Strategic marketing is one of those marketing terms that seems to get used a lot in conversation and marketing madeiras. However, my guess is that the term itself is not as widely understood as it is quoted. The key question really is what is strategic marketing and how is it relevant to everyday businesses? To unlock some of the mysteries around this term, let's start with a definition.

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A definition you say? Sounds easy, right? Generally a quick check of Wikipedia solves that, but on this occasion it seems to be where the problem starts. There is no definition of strategic marketing in Wikipedia. So I turn to the Oxford dictionary and have better luck. Oxford describes the term as the action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. This, for me, is really the definition of marketing, not strategic marketing.

Based on the Oxford definition, there may be a case to argue that all marketing is in fact strategic. However, in my opinion, that is not the case. There is a big difference between strategic marketing (thinking) and tactical marketing (doing). Here are some examples to demonstrate.

This is strategic marketing.

Strategic marketing is a thinking process rather than a series of tactical doing activities. The thinking comes first and the actions (tactics) result from that. the strategic marketing thinking process poses questions such as:

1. What problems do my customers have?

2. How can our product/service lead to improvements in our customers' lives?

3. What are the core customer motivations that lead to sales?

4. What other things are happening in our customers' lives that may affect our sales?

5. What will the customers be expecting from the market and us next?

The answers to these questions form the strategy around your marketing activity, or better still, can be described as the strategic marketing process. These steps help to define your target market, what products and services are going to deliver sales (profit) and how to position your marketing communication materials. The tactics came now. Heaven!

Is it really that important?

Now that we know what strategic marketing is, the key question is does strategic marketing matter and is it important? The short answer is yes.

The fact is that all the best marketing is done with the customer in mind and thinking before acting is a proven way to get better results.

Is it always relevant?

In my experience, very new businesses may in fact benefit from a more tactical plan at first to put their feet in the water and get a feel for how consumers respond to their product. Creating a long-term strategic plan could wind up being a waste of time on their part at the very start. Later down the track though, when the business has a better idea of how things work, a strategic plan is then required.

In summary, strategic marketing:

1. Comes first; that is, before the tactics;

2. Focuses on big picture customer needs; and

3. Attempts to marry customer needs with the overall company direction.

Jo Macdermott is the Chief Marketing Consultant at Next Marketing, the marketing agency Melbourne residents turn to when seeking a professional marketing solution. Her team can help you devise a marketing strategy, implement a social media plan, and her highly talented graphic designers work alongside her marketing pros to build a solid marketing plan that will help you attract more customers, expand your business, and build momentum for many months to come. You can find her on almost every social media platform out there including Google+ as well as sharing fantastic tips and insider info on Next Marketing's blog.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jo_Macdermott

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-Strategic-Marketing?&id=7339719

Thursday, September 27, 2012

What is Corporate Law Salt Lake City?

What is Corporate Law Salt Lake City?


Author:Rusin Medical


Corporate law Salt Lake City is one branch of law and it is practiced by corporate lawyers. To be a corporate lawyer, there are certain skills you must possess. Corporate law is very involved, and you must have the necessary knowledge to do this job. One of the major parts of corporate law Salt Lake City is research. If you are a corporate lawyer you must be able to perform in depth research. This is needed for many reasons, but it is primarily needed to understand the legalities of complicated issues. You can also expect to spend a lot of time inside the courtroom. Corporate lawyers must defend corporations, which often involves court cases that land in a courtroom. Most corporate lawyers have a degree in accounting, economics or political science. After earning that type of degree, they will attend law school to earn their degree to be an attorney. Before they can begin practicing, they must pass a state examination.

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There are many reasons why corporations and businesses hire corporate law Salt Lake City firms. A lot of times, this is done for issues regarding trademarks or copyrights. Copyright infringement is one of the most popular tasks a corporate lawyer handles. Corporations and other businesses will also hire a corporate lawyer for almost any other business-related purpose that you can think of. Corporate lawyers often start out as business lawyers. After years of doing this they are often ready to practice in a corporate law Salt Lake City firm. Contracts are a common thing that corporate lawyers deal with. They may be hired to create legal contracts for businesses, or they might be hired to review contracts that a client is asked to sign. All lawyers that are hired must defend the client that hired them. They must look out for that client's best interest. If you have a lawyer that is not doing this, then you have the wrong lawyer. Most lawyers will even tell you that they work for whoever will pay them. Most lawyers are good at this, but some are not.

Some corporations that are really large may have in-house corporate lawyers on staff. Usually they have only one or two, but this varies depending on the size. It is very nice and convenient for corporations to have an in-house corporate lawyer because this person can answer all questions and handle all matters immediately. This makes it very easy for corporations. They can go straight to the in-house lawyer for every single thing they need done. Other corporate lawyers work for law firms. In this case, a corporation would have to schedule an appointment to meet with a lawyer. The lawyer in this case would not fully understand the operations of the corporation and it would take more time to discuss various legal matters. An in-house attorney would fully understand the corporation, its operations and how it is run. This is a very huge benefit of having an in-house corporate lawyer.     Corporate law Salt Lake City firms also handle issues that deal with shareholders, stocks and annual meetings. They are able to advise corporations about their legal rights regarding all of these matters. They will explain when shareholder meetings must occur, how to distribute financial statements and much more. This is another huge part of what corporate law is all about. Corporate lawyers are knowledgeable in all of these areas and much more. If there is a business-related question or issue that you have, a corporate law firm is the place you want to go for legal advice. They will give you legal answers and help you with any matter you need assistance with.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/law-articles/what-is-corporate-law-salt-lake-city-6199879.html

Wednesday, September 26, 2012

What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?

What is Corporate social responsibility (CSR)?


Author:Sandra


Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an important aspect of businesses all across the globe. As globalization spreads its reach and businesses serve as global provider, these businesses have recognized the significance and benefits of CSR and have started incorporating it in their practices.

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What is Corporate Social Responsibility ?

Corporate Social Responsibility is a form of corporate self regulation amalgamated in a business infrastructure model. The CSR policy of any business works as a self regulating system which helps the business to ensure that it complies the global norms and ethical standards. The aim of CSR is to be accountable for the company's activities and promote an optimistic and constructive ideology through its actions on environment, communities, consumers and stakeholders.

Why is it important?

CSR helps a business to run in such a way that it leaves a positive impact on the environment and society. In other words, CSR implies a commitment by a business to integrate such responsible policies in its practices that benefit the society also and reporting the progress made towards executing these practices. Countries like India also are becoming aware of this phenomenon and Corporate social responsibility in India is also witnessing a boom. Some of the main advantages of CSR can be explained as follows:

Stakeholders' interest

Outside stakeholders have been taking a keen interest in the the social aspect of the company and its accomplishments on the social level. The way your business treats the workforce and the impact of the products and services on the society is a matter of interest for the stakeholders.

Sustainability

CSR puts emphasis on economic, social and environmental sustainability so that your business continues to meet the needs of the present without affecting the resources for future generations. Sustaining economic  prosperity with taking care of the employees and environments is one of the driving forces while making the blueprint of any policy.

Social accountability

Accountability makes a business reliable. Communication of environmental and social impacts of your business activities on the society at large can be referred as social accountability. Usually the public relations department of a business look after it. Sometimes businesses take the help of PR agencies to manage their public relations as it's a very important element of CSR.

Risk management

The reputation which you had built over an entire decade can be brought to ruins within seconds by any malpractices like environmental accidents, corruption scandals etc. within your business. They will tarnish your image in split seconds. The philosophy of ‘doing the right thing' within the work culture can be successfully incorporated by implementing CSR.

Customer loyalty

The ‘jam packed' market today demands individuality if you want your business to stand out amongst your competitors. Building customer loyalty based on unique ethical principles can definitely be achieved using CSR implemented policies. In countries like India where there is a neck to neck battle in the market, businesses are using Corporate social responsibility in India to its best to become the leader in their domain.

Human resources

Last but not the least, CSR policies can help your business when you recruit human resources. You can ask the candidate about the company's CSR policy. The perception of your business is bound to improve when the staffs are involved with payroll giving, fund-raising activities etc. this will only happen when your business implements CSR policies.

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CSR policy can certainly help your business reach new heights in times to come because with limited resources to use, sustainability is the the mantra to win in the long run. And CSR gives your business that outlook that can help you bloom with the perfect balance of economic profit and social responsibilities.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/public-relations-articles/what-is-corporate-social-responsibility-csr-6198517.html

About the Author

Sandra is a PR consultant and she also likes writing, reading, movies, hiking.

Sunday, September 23, 2012

What is a Bond?

What is a Bond?


By Preston G Pysh


Bonds are used widely in the investing world, but those that are new to investing may not be very familiar with all of the commonly used terms. People commonly refer to "stocks and bonds", and it is important to understand that they are two completely different things. A bond is basically an agreement made between an investor and a company in which the investor loans money to the company based on a certain interest rate. Businesses will borrow money from their investors for a variety of different reasons. One of the main reasons to borrow money from an investor is to expand their business.

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Companies can issue a bond with a predetermined interest rate and basically sell them to potential investors. Investors buy bonds expecting to get back their original investment, along with the interest that was predetermined. All bonds will have a maturity date, which is the date that the bond will be paid out to the investor.

The interest rate that is paid to bondholders will vary from one company to the next. The interest rate is determined based on a few factors. The main factor that is considered when determining the interest rate is the stability of the company. If a business is very stable, and unlikely to default on their debts, then it will usually offer a lower percentage rate. This is because the bond is far less risky. Businesses that are not as stable will pay a higher percentage rate in order to attract investors. This makes for a much more risky bond, but can have a higher payout in the end if they follow through with their end of the deal.

If you are a new investor, it may be wise to stick with the more reliable companies even though they may offer you a lower percentage rate. At least you will be able to rest assured in knowing that you will likely see your money again, along with the interest. If you are a seasoned investor, then you might be more willing to venture out with the riskier bonds in hopes to have a higher pay out in the end. The choice is ultimately yours, but you should definitely make wise choices when it comes to investing your hard earned dollars.

Why Consider Bonds?


Most people that invest are pretty familiar with the stock market, and consider it to be one of the best ways to invest money. With that being said, why would anyone choose to invest in a bond? The return on investment of a stock is generally much higher, but there are some advantages to choosing bonds.

First of all, bonds are far less risky than the stock market. This is because bonds are almost always paid out, unless a business ends up going bankrupt first. Next, bonds can offer a steady cash flow. Most bondholders will have the option to get a monthly or quarterly payout on the interest earned from their bond. This is great for those who need some additional steady income.

Although this article is a short reference, the following website provides some great video content on what a bond is.

Also, if you already have some experience with bonds, I would highly recommend conducting more research with video lessons that teach you how to invest in bonds like Warren Buffett

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-a-Bond?&id=7239301

What is Benjamin Graham's "Mr Market"?

What is Benjamin Graham's "Mr Market"?


By Preston G Pysh


Benjamin Graham explored the concept of the stock market and an investor's analysis decision through the use of an imaginary investor named Mr. Market. The basic principle underlying the theory is that a rational investor would base his opinion on the fundamental value associated with the stock rather than the view of fellow investors or the signals sent by the stock market. The view is based on the principle that an investor must act rationally at all times and the decision made must be based on the intrinsic value associated with the stock rather than the market fluctuations which might sometimes send out the wrong signals.

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So what exactly is the Mr. Market parable proposed by Benjamin Graham? The story goes something like this: you must assume that you own a small number of shares in a private business that resulted in a total cost of $1000. A close associate of yours, namely Mr. Market is quite interested in your stock holdings and on a daily basis he expresses his opinion regarding the value of the shares. He is more than willing to buy the shares on some occasions and on other he is willing to sell his share to you at a quoted price. The price estimated by Mr. Market is sometimes a reflection of the true value of shares based on business developments and future prospects. Conversely, sometimes his estimates are not justified and seem a bit over exaggerated. You are not under any obligation to listen to Mr. Market and his advice. He does not mind providing advice on a regular basis irrespective of your opinion and attitude.

So what exactly should a prudent investor do in the case of Mr. Market and his price estimates? Should a person be influenced by the price quotations and buy or sell the stock based on Mr. Market's estimates? Well this is only beneficial for an investor when Mr. Market quotes a price that is very high and therefore an investor sells the stock with the aim of making a huge profit. An investor is also likely to follow Mr. Market's advice when the price quoted is very low and therefore buying shares at a low price would result in a foreseeable profit when these are sold at a higher market price. However, these two extreme scenarios are the only occasion when an investor would be compelled to buy or sell stock. In all other circumstances a person is likely base his judgments on true facts and figures derived from a company's financial position and future outlook.

The Mr. Market in reality is none other than the stock market that daily shows a change in price of shares. An investor that owns stock in a listed stock exchange is likely to be faced with the dilemma of changing prices almost on a daily basis. Either the price can be used to make a profit such as selling when price is too high and buying when price is too low, or the market price can be left alone. An investor must realize the importance of his own judgment in making investor decisions. The signals emitted by the market might sometimes be misleading and this could indeed result in a loss to the investor.

How can the market price be misleading? Well the stock price is dependent on a number of factors and amongst them the greatest one is speculation. Speculation of investors can result in an extremely high price for example if the company is likely to acquire another company, the hype in the market could create a rise in stock price. However, this price is not an indication of future prospects of the company or the ability to generate profit. An investor that sells now simply due to high price might at present face a profit but in the long term could be at a loss as the opportunity cost of selling is the long stream of dividends that follow the investment in the future.

Conversely, a person may simply sell the stock if the prices has gone down in the view the decreasing prices have a signaling effect that things within the company are getting worse. However this is reality might not be true. The price could simply be decreasing because no dividends have been declared for the given year as the company is now implementing a reinvesting policy. Thus the decrease in price might send a wrong signal to the investor who could sell the shares and lose out on dividends and capital gains in the future.

The Mr. Market analysis theme is simple and effective. The market price results in fluctuations and an investor must not solely base his decision on the price fluctuations. A prudent investor must consider other facts before buying or selling stock and this includes the current operating position of the company and the future developments. An investor must ascertain the dividend income in the future as opposed to capital gains at present and then undertake a decision.

This does not mean that the market price is irrelevant. The market fluctuations must not be ignored by an investor as they provide a signal of the value of the investment. However the true significance of market price lies in the opportunity that it provides by depicting a price too high or too low, The market price is of great importance and profitability when it depicts an extremely high price as huge capital gains could be made from sales whereas an extremely low price could result in stock purchasing so that they could be sold at a higher price in future.

Benjamin Graham's Mr. Market has received wide appreciation from investors who have now come to realize that the market price is not always justified. An investor must not ignore the market price but consider it in conjunction with several other factors such as dividend yield, future stream of dividends, current operating position of the company and future profitability.

If you'd like to learn more about Mr. Market, be sure to follow this link. The link takes you to a 10 minute video that thoroughly describes Benjamin Graham's fictional character along with more information on how to invest like Warren Buffett.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Preston_G_Pysh

http://EzineArticles.com/?What-Is-Benjamin-Grahams-Mr-Market?&id=7246017

What is the FED (United States Federal Reserve)?

What is the FED (United States Federal Reserve)?


By Preston G Pysh


The Federal Reserve most popularly known as the FED is entrusted with the task of overlooking the United States economy. It is the national bank of USA and is recognized as one of the most dominant institutions across the globe. The FED is entrusted with the task of setting the monetary and fiscal policy of the world's super power, America, which impacts not only the local citizen but the global population. The FED was created in 1913 by the United States congress. Before the formation of FED, the USA had no formal institution that was entrusted the task of setting and regulating the monetary policy. The resultant impact was that the markets were volatile and the banking system was not regarded as robust by the public at large. FED was created with the aim of formation of an institution that was solely responsible for regulating the banking system of USA. The FED is an independent organization and does not require the president to ratify its decisions. Nonetheless, the congress is entrusted with the task of overseeing the workings of the organization on a periodic basis.

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Boards of Governors of the FED are based in Washington and are responsible for heading the organization. The BOD is headed by seven presidential members all of whom must serve a fourteen year period. The presidential members must be approved by the senate and can be required to serve another terms based on circumstances. The board is headed by a chairman (currently Ben Bernanke) who is initially appointed by the president of USA while the senate must approve the member. The chairman is required to serve a four year period and is assisted by a vice chairman.

The BOD is responsible for overseeing the work of twelve regional branches of the FED which are situated in the chief cities of USA. The Reserve Bank is entrusted with the basic workings of the FED and operates as the major system within the workings of the central bank. The banks are responsible for generating their own revenue from various sources. These include the services that they provide to other banks, the interest income from government securities, income from any foreign reserves and interest income on debt of depository organizations. The income generated from various sources is used to finance the daily working capital cycle whereas excess income is transmitted back to the U.S treasury. Lastly, all national banks operating within USA are referred as member banks and are a division of the FED. A couple of state-chartered banks are also referred as member banks.

Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is a part of the FED and is responsible for deriving the policy implemented by the FED. The chair of FOMC and the BOD are the same whereas the voting members consist of presidential candidates from BOD, four Reserve Bank presidents and Federal Reserve Bank president. These members are required to serve on a rotation basis pertaining to a one year time period. Reserve Bank presidents are required to participate in the policy making process irrespective of the fact that they are granted the voting rights or not. The FOMC has the final say in a number of significant matters including the monetary policy and specifically the interest rate.

The underlying theme of FED is to ensure economic growth, employment, low levels of inflation, stability of purchasing power parity and reasonable interest rates over a long term period. Simply put, the FED is responsible for ensuring stability and sustainable economic growth. The duties of FED are therefore widespread and are concerned with ensuring the smooth running of the economy.

The FED provides a number of services to banks in a similar manner as a bank might provide a service to a citizen. This is done so that the national payment process is efficient and secure. For example, transfer of money from one bank to another might be aided by the FED. The most important duty of the FED concerns serving the government of USA. The government of USA is the higher spending customer of FED. The FED is responsible for maintaining the checking account of the US treasury whereby the inflows and outflows of cash are regulated by the FED. Any inflows that arise due to tax revenues and outflows pertaining to government spending are passed through this account and the FED is responsible for handling them. The FED is also responsible for dealing with government securities whereby selling and buying transactions pertaining to bonds and treasury bills is conducted by the FED.

The FED is also responsible for issuance of currency in form of paper and coins. Although the US treasury is responsible for the production of cash, the FED is the institution that is responsible for allocating it to financial organizations. The FED duties also extend to checking the bills for damage and ensuring that bills that show signs of wear and tear are taken out of the cash cycle.

Another duty of the FED is to regulate and supervise the other banks operating within the USA economy. The other banks include the member banks, international banks, foreign transactions of these banks and banks that are USA based but operating abroad. The FED ensures that the banking policies are in line with customer's best interest and many laws and regulations have been enacted that ensure that the banking activities are bona fide to the public. The responsibilities of the Federal Reserve Bank extend to the investors as well whereby they are responsible for setting the limits on the debt that an investor can take. 
Last but not the least the FED is responsible for setting the monetary policy of the economy. This is one of the most important duties of the FED whereby the FED ensures that the interest rates and money supply result in positive economic growth and development. The three basic tools used by the FED include the open market operations, discount rate and reserve requirements; all of which are adjusted to reflect the current monetary policy devised.

If you would like to learn more about the Federal Reserve (FED), be sure to click on this link because it provides a great video lesson on how the FED works and how investors can use it to their advantage.

Also, if you would like to read a great resource on investing, be sure to check out this Warren Buffett book. It discusses subjects like interest rates and how the FED controls them.

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